Ethan Frome By Edith Wharton Essays - Ethan Frome,

Ethan Frome By Edith Wharton ETHAN FROME KEYHOLE ESSAY The novel Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton tells the story of Ethan Frome and the tragedy he faces in his life. The story mainly focuses on the relationships between and among Ethan, his wife, and his wife's cousin, with whom he is in love. Wharton uses different literary devices to develop the plot, including irony as one of the most effective. The use of irony in the novel, especially in the climatic sledding scene, greatly adds to the development of the tragedy. The sled ride which Ethan and Mattie take at the end of the story is full of irony. They often talk of going sledding together. In the first conversation that the two have in the novel, sledding becomes one of the first topics. Mattie relates an incident, ?Ned Hale and Ruth Varnum came just as near running into the big elm at the bottom?Wouldn't it have been too awful? They're so happy? (19). Coasting on the hill is a spirited pastime for young couples in the small town. The elm offers a bit of a scare and a chance for the young men to show off their skill. Ethan and Mattie simply want to enjoy this amusement. The chance for a sledding ride does not come until the night Mattie is supposed to leave. Their sorrow over Mattie's departure changes their motives concerning sledding. They see a collision with the elm as a way to avoid parting. Mattie suggests, ?Right into the big elm?So ?t we'd never have to leave each other any more? (71). The irony is that sledding, an innocent pastime, b ecomes a tool the lovers use to try to escape their situation. Another ironic element of the sledding ride is the appearance of Zeena's face, Ethan's wife, during the scene. Ethan and Mattie are speeding down the hill towards the elm to what they believe will be their deaths. In one of the last instants before they reach the tree, Zeena's face appears to Ethan. ?But suddenly his wife's face, with twisted monstrous lineaments, thrust itself between him and his goal, and he made an instinctive movement to brush it aside? (72). Ethan seems not to have thought about the effects his death would have on his wife, but this sudden image of his wife suggests that he feels guilty. It is ironic that he uses phrases such as ?sullen self-absorption? and ?evil energy? to describe his wife (50). Yet, she is the last person he imagines before he reaches the elm. This moment is one last time that he must brush her aside, as he attempts to break free from Zeena forever. When Mattie is to be sent away, Ethan and Mattie grow desperate looking for a way out of their impossible situation. They decide that it is better to die in a sledding accident together than live their lives apart. Ethan hesitates slightly, ?But in a flash he remembered the alternative. She was right: this was better than parting? (72). Ultimately, they both survive the crash, though both have permanent injuries. Mattie is confined to a wheelchair, and Zeena helps care for her. Ironically, the crash they intended to end their lives only makes their lives worse. Mattie returns to live with Zeena and Ethan in a cold household. Ethan becomes the primary caretaker of the two women, who continue to cause suffering in his life. Mrs. Hale says, ?But sometimes the two of them get going at each other, and then Ethan's face'd break your heart?.When I see that, I think it's him that suffers most? (76). After the accident, the Frome household is caught in a ?living death,? rather than released f rom its tensions. The tragic aspects of the novel are further emphasized by the use of irony. Rather than simply writing the unfortunate episodes of the story, Wharton reminds the reader that these situations have the capability of producing favorable results. This contrast between the possibility of a good ending and the resulting tragedy creates the illusion of an even greater tragedy. English Essays

Eugenics And A Brave New World Essays - Molecular Biology, Cloning

Eugenics And A Brave New World Essays - Molecular Biology, Cloning Eugenics And A Brave New World Eugenics. The word strikes fear in the hearts of many. Visions of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, along with memories of Nazi experimentation and the Lynchburg sterilization colonies in the United States, cause many to dismiss the idea of cloning immediately. However, in reality, cloning has nothing to do with eugenics or genetic engineering. Cloning is the duplication of genetic material without any alteration. Germ line therapy, however, involves changing the material for a specific purpose. It does not make sense to combine the two processes for the sake of argument. What affect could cloning have on disease research? Cloning could be extremely valuable in studying the process of human development and disease influences this system. Scientists are already cloning genes to produce and test new drug products. Cloning animals (such as mice) could be used to produce knock-out specimens for testing. Not to say that we should produce knock-out humans, but isn't there a possibility that human cloning could actually help us find cures to a number of diseases? Could cloning be used to produce transplant organs or brain-dead clones for organ harvesting? Some claim that cloning would enable us to produce transplantable organs that would not be rejected by the recipient's body, since they would be produced from his own genetic material. This may be possible. However, there has not been enough research to confirm that rejection would not take place. There is also the problem of waiting for the organs to mature, which could take a number of years years which the patient may not have. As far as brain-dead clones for the same purpose, we are a long way away from ever achieving this task. Regardless, there is one thing to be careful of in both of these cases: protecting the rights of the clone. Just because the purpose of cloning someone is to take his organs does not mean you can take them without his consent. What is the difference between in-vitro fertilization and cloning? In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and cloning both involve implanting an embryo in a woman's womb. Time's Barbara Ehrenreich writes, any culture that encourages IVF has no right to complain about the market of embryos. The only difference between the two processes is that in cloning the embryo is genetically identical. And, in both cases, the method can greatly improve the chances of conception for the infertile couple. If a person supports IVF, why not support cloning as an option? Does society have a right or responsibility to restrict knowledge? The age old question of can we do it? versus should we do it?. By looking at its